kev muaj xim xim
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb loj ntawm kev lag luam, cov xim pleev xim yog zoo li tus saib xyuas uas ntsiag to thiab kev ua tau zoo, rau txhua yam chaw muaj kev tiv thaiv nrog lub tsho tiv no tiv thaiv. Lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hnyav anti-corrosion muaj xim pleev xim, xws li ob rab ntaj ntse, ua ke rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kab.
1. Qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev txhim kho cov xim muaj xim
- Muaj xim pleev xim, raws li qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov teb muaj kev lag luam, nws qhov tseem ceeb yog pom tus kheej. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov xim qub thev naus laus zis mus rau tam sim no, cov xim muaj kev muaj kev paub ntev dua.
- Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub, tib neeg tsuas yog siv cov ntaub ntawv ntuj xws li zaub roj, cov txiaj ntsig ntuj los ua cov txheej txheem ntoo thiab cov khoom siv hlau. Nrog rau kev nce qib kev lag luam, kev lag luam sai ntawm cov hlau, tshuab thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tau tso rau yav tom ntej rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau cov hluavtaws hluavtaws pib tawm, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev lag luam pleev xim tau kuj tau txhim kho zoo heev.
- Niaj hnub no, xim pleev xim tau dhau los ua kev lag luam loj loj, npog ntau hom thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom pleev xim. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb, hnav thiab laus, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv. Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub, xim muaj ntau cov kev siv, ua haujlwm rau kev tsim khoom siv, khoom lag luam tsheb, petrochemical, hwj huam.
2, lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim: qhov kev xaiv ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv niaj hnub
Muaj feem xyuam nrog cov xwm txheej thiab nta
- Lub teeb los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim yog tsuas haum rau qhov chaw tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb corrosion. Piv txwv li, qee cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev, cov tshuab me me, rooj tog zaum, thiab lwm yam rau cov khoom muaj zog me me, yog li cov kev xav tau rau cov corrosion kuj yog tsawg.
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim yog los muab kev tiv thaiv media thiab tau raws li cov kev pheej hmoo. Nws feem ntau muaj cov nplaum zoo thiab tuaj yeem txuas rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau, plastics, ntoo los tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov dej uas muaj zog xws li dej thiab cov pa oxygen. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xim ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim yog cov kev xav tau, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub luag haujlwm sib txawv, tab sis kuj txhim kho kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv.
- Ib qho ntxiv, lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim xim kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ziab nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm thiab tsim yooj yim. Hauv qee qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm me me, kev cob qhia me, kev cob qhia thiab lwm qhov chaw, vim kev tsim nrawm dua, cov xim yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau. Lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim sib dhos tsuas yog ua kom tau raws li qhov kev xav tau no, nws tuaj yeem qhuav thiab kho nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, tsis cuam tshuam rau cov sijhawm tsim khoom.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab cai techniples
- Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim muaj xws li cov resins, cov pigments, fillers, cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov neeg saib xyuas. Ntawm lawv, Resin yog cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem ceeb-tsim cov tshuaj ntawm cov txheej, uas txiav txim cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm txheej. Cov resins ua ke yog Alkyd Resin, Acrylic Resin, Epoxy Resin thiab lwm yam.
- Pigments thiab fillers tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev npog, xim thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem. Pigments tuaj yeem muab cov xim muaj ntau yam xim, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho cov kob lub teeb tiv taus, huab cua tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov tub lim dej tuaj yeem nce qhov ntim ntawm txheej, txo tus nqi, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho lub hardness ntawm txheej, hnav tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom.
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yog kom yaj lub cobu thiab lwm yam kom cov xim ua cov kua mis ua kua. Cov khoom ntxiv yog cov tshuaj ntxiv uas tau ntxiv kom thiaj li ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, xws li cov neeg sawv cev qib, defoaming sawv cev, Dispersants, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov txheej txheem teaciple ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim yog feem ntau los tiv thaiv kev nkag los ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv rau ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem yog lub cev lub cev lossis cov tshuaj tswj kav dej ruaj khov. Lub cev lub cev yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm kev txuam nrog cov pigments thiab fitters los ua cov txheej tuab, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej ntawm cov xeb uas muaj xws li dej thiab cov pa oxygen. Cov tshuaj lom neeg stabilization txheej yog los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tswj hwm ntawm lub cob thiab coated nto los ua qhov muaj zog ntawm kev sib tw thiab corrosion tsis zoo ntawm txheej.
Txoj kev tsim qauv thiab kev ceev faj
- Txoj kev tsim qauv ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj yooj yim, thiab nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm txau, txhuam hniav, dov txheej thiab lwm txoj hauv kev. Ua ntej kev tsim kho, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv kom tshem tawm impurities xws li roj thiab cov xim yuav txuas tau zoo rau saum npoo.
- Txau yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau kev tsim qauv ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheej featly faib rau saum npoo ntawm cov coated yam khoom, sib sau tus du, tiaj tus txheej. Thaum txau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tswj tau lub siab, deb thiab lub zog ntawm rab phom kom ntseeg tau tias cov khaub ncaws sib txig.
- Txhuam thiab yob txheej yog qhov haum rau qee qhov chaw me me lossis cov duab sib xyaw. Thaum txhuam hniav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv cov txhuam hniav zoo kom tsis txhob poob ntawm bristles cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm txheej. Thaum dov txheej txheej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov menyuam tsim nyog thiab tswj qhov nrawm thiab lub zog ntawm cov txheej rolling kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem.
- Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog los them sai sai rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo. Feem ntau, kev tsim kho ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim xim yuav tsum yog siab dua 5 ° C, thiab cov txheeb ze cov av noo yuav tsum nyob hauv qab 85%. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias dhau los yog cov av noo ntau dhau, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ziab nrawm thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov xim. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub sijhawm ua qauv tsim kho, nws tseem yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev ua pa zoo kom tsis txhob muaj volatilization ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov xim.
3. Hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim: muaj zog muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav
Muaj feem xyuam nrog cov xwm txheej thiab nta
- Thaum ntsib nrog kev nyuaj siab uas muaj kev nyuaj siab heev, kev tiv thaiv hnyav los ua thawj qhov kev xaiv. Xws li cov dej hiav txwv engineering, petrochemical, loj choj, cov chaw nres nkoj loj, cov chaw pov tseg hluav taws xob thiab lwm thaj teb. Cov chaw no feem ntau yog ntsib nrog ntau txoj kev ua kom nruj me ntsis, cov cua huv, cov av noo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog tsis tshua muaj siab heev.
- Hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim muaj xim zoo heev. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv muaj zog acid, muaj zog alkali, cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev, kub, siab av av thiab lwm yam kev nyuaj siab corrosion. Nws cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb thiab cov thev naus laus zis ua tau cov txheej txheem tuab heev thiab ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv ntev thiab txhim khu kev qha rau cov chaw muaj kev lag luam.
- Hnyav tawm tsam cov xim xim corrosion kuj muaj huab cua zoo tiv thaiv thiab hnav tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xeem sab nraum zoov ntev, nws tuaj yeem tiv xyuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub ntuj thiab hnub nag, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau ploj thiab flake. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj muaj qhov nyuaj thiab muaj zog, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hnav tshuab thiab cuam tshuam.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim ntawm hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim yog feem ntau kuj yooj yim, feem ntau yog grey thiab dub. Qhov no yog vim tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xim tsis yog qhov kev txiav txim siab thawj zaug, tab sis ntau tus saib xyuas rau cov xeb tsis kam thiab kav ntev ntawm cov xim.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab cai techniples
- Lub ntsiab ntawm cov xim hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim muaj xws li cov kev ua tau zoo cob, tiv thaiv xeb pigments, fillers, cov kuab tshuaj thiab ntxiv. Ntawm lawv, cov kev ua haujlwm siab resin yog cov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hnyav, uas txiav txim siab corrosion tsis kam thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov xim. Hom Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab Tshaj yog Epoxy Resin, Polyurethane Resin, Fluorocarbon Resin thiab lwm yam.
- Anti-xeb xim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv hnyav-corrosion muaj xim, uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv xeb. Cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv xeb yog zinc hmoov, txhuas hmoov, zinc phosphate thiab li ntawd. Cov yeeb yaj duab no tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tuab rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv coated, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom noj kom haum.
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov muab tub lim tsuas yog ua kom muaj qhov ntim ntawm cov txheej, txo tus nqi, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho lub hardness ntawm txheej, hnav tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yog kom yaj lub cobu thiab lwm yam kom cov xim ua cov kua mis ua kua. Cov khoom ntxiv yog cov tshuaj ntxiv uas tau ntxiv kom thiaj li ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, xws li cov neeg sawv cev qib, defoaming sawv cev, Dispersants, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov txheej txheem teaciple ntawm hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv coings los ntawm ntau yam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Ua ntej, cov txheej txuas txuas ntxiv tsim los ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm siab ua tau los ntawm kev thaiv lub cev kom tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov xeb ntawm cov xeb. Thib ob, tiv thaiv xeb pigments muaj peev xwm cheev ib txwm muaj teeb meem nyob rau saum npoo ntawm coated khoom los ua cov tebchaw ruaj khov uas tiv thaiv corrosion. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim anticorrosive hnyav kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov cuab yeej Anticorrosive ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm Cathodic Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Corrosion Inhibition.
Txoj kev tsim qauv thiab kev ceev faj
- Cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm cov xim hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj cov xim muaj ntau ntxiv, xav tau cov cuab yeej tsim kho kev tsim kho thiab nruj siv tshuab. Ua ntej kev tsim kho, nws yog feem ntau tsim nyog kho rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw huv, thiab tsis muaj roj xws li roj. Cov hau kev kho deg muaj xws li sandblasting, pickling blasting, pickling, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov nplaum thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm txheej.
- Thaum kev tsim kho, tsis ntsuas xws li cov tuab tuab thiab sib xyaw ntawm cov txheej yuav tsum tau tswj hwm. Hnyav los tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim ntau zaus yuav tsum tau thov hauv ntau txheej, thiab cov tuab ntawm txhua txheej muaj cov cai kom nruj. Kev tsim kho yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej txau lossis cov cuab yeej txhuam kom ntseeg tau tias cov xim muaj cov khoom siv tau xeb.
- Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog los them sai sai rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo. Feem ntau, kev tsim kho qhov kub ntawm kev hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj cov xim xim yuav tsum yog qhov siab dua 5 ° C, thiab cov txheeb ze cov av noo yuav tsum qis dua 85%. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias dhau los yog cov av noo ntau dhau, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ziab nrawm thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov xim. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub sijhawm ua qauv tsim kho, nws tseem yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev ua pa zoo kom tsis txhob muaj volatilization ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov xim.
4, Xaiv thiab kev thov ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hnyav anti-corrosion muaj xim
Xaiv raws li kev siv ib puag ncig
- Thaum xaiv cov xim muaj xim, ua ntej txhua yam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab seb puas yuav xaiv lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion lossis hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion corrosion ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv coated. Yog tias cov khoom siv coated yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosion loj, xws li sab hauv ib puag ncig, thiab koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub teeb anti-corrosion muaj xim. Yog hais tias cov txheej yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive tsis zoo, petrochemical, petrochemical thiab lwm daim teb, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov xim muaj hnyav.
Xaiv raws li los tiv thaiv corrosion yuav tsum muaj
- Cov chaw sib txawv muaj cov sib txawv rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Yog tias kev tiv thaiv corrosion tsis yog siab, koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub teeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv corrosionence. Yog tias cov cai tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion yog qhov siab heev, qhov xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov xim tiv thaiv hnyav corrosion.
Xaiv raws li peev nyiaj
- Tus nqi ntawm lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim yog qhov tsawg, kev tsim kho yooj yim, thiab nws haum rau cov phiaj xwm nrog nyiaj txiag tsawg. Hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj cov xim muaj siab thiab cov kev tsim kho nyuaj, tab sis nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov haujlwm nrog kev xav tau siab thiab lub neej ntev.
Kev Tshawb Xyuas Kev Thov
(1) Cov cuab yeej lag luam nyob sab hauv: Rau qee cov cuab yeej lag luam hauv tsev, xws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj ntsuab, thiab lwm yam xim pleev xim rau cov xim. Lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim xim tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv me ntsis thaum tseem txhim kho cov kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv.
(2. Ib lub teeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion corrosion tau raug xaiv rau kev txau lossis txhuam kom tiv thaiv cov tshuab ntawm kev xeb.
(3) marine engineering: cov chaw tsim khoom siv marine engineering tau nyob hauv ib puag ncig lub nkoj ntev li ntawd, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm corrosionaters, ntsev tsuag tsuag, thiab vuag. Yog li ntawd, hnyav anti-corrosion xim yuav tsum tau xaiv rau kev pleev xim. Hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj cov xim xim muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv ntev thiab txhim khu kev qha rau cov marine engineering cov chaw kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov lag luam kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov.
(4) petrochemical: khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv teb ntawm petrochemical kev lag luam feem ntau yog muaj zog muaj cov acid, muaj zog kub thiab kub siab. Hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim pleev xim yuav tsum tau xaiv rau kev pleev xim kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov raj xa khoom.
5. Yav Tom Ntej Kev Txhim Kho Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Muaj Xim
Kev txhim kho ntawm ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv cov xim muaj xim
- Nrog rau kev txhim kho tib neeg ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim yuav dhau los ua txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej. Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig cov xim feem ntau yog suav nrog cov xim muaj dej ua xim, siab tawv xim pleev xim, kuab-dawb muaj xim thiab yog li ntawd. Cov txheej txheej no muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam organic tsawg (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic), tsis muaj tshuaj lom, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, thiab ua tau raws li kev txhim kho kev pabcuam ntawm kev txhim kho niaj hnub.
Tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo xim
- Txhawm rau kom tau raws li qhov nce qib siab ntsws muaj kev lag luam thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam, cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov xim muaj xim yuav dhau los ua kom muaj lub neej yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, kev txhim kho cov xim pleev xim nrog cov xim muaj zog, thiab muaj zog zoo li cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub, thiab lwm yam.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Txawj Ntse Xim
- Nrog kev nce qib txuas ntxiv ntawm science thiab thev naus laus zis, cov xim muaj zog ua kuj tseem yuav tau thov rau hauv kev lag luam. Txawj Ntse Xim tuaj yeem soj xyuas cov khoom siv corrosion thiab kev ua tau zoo hloov ntawm lub sijhawm thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis, muab lub hauv paus science rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm cov chaw muaj kev lag luam.
8. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhia
Lub teeb tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm kev muaj xim pleev xim zoo li ob lub ntsej muag ntse hauv kev lag luam lag luam, txhua tus ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Lub teeb los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj kev lag luam, yooj yim tsim, cov xim nplua nuj thiab lwm yam ntxwv, haum rau lub teeb corrosion ib puag ncig; Hnyav los tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xim nrog nws zoo heev corrosion tsis kam, huab cua zoo tsis kam, haum rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyuaj siab heev.
Thaum xaiv cov xim pleev xim, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kev nkag siab txog kev siv ib puag ncig, kev tiv thaiv corrosion corrosion, nyiaj txiag thiab lwm yam khoom siv coated. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm ib puag ncig kev paub thiab thev naus laus zis, kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj tswv yim kev lag luam zoo li yav tom ntej kev txhim kho.
Cia peb them sai sai rau kev xaiv thiab kev siv cov xim muaj xim, thiab siv zog los tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha. Kev txhim kho cov xim pleev xim yuav ua rau muaj kev vam meej rau txoj kev vam meej thiab kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam. Cia peb ua haujlwm ua ke, nrog cov xim zoo muaj xim rau lub ci ntsa iab tag kis ntawm kev lag luam!
Txog Peb
Peb lub tuam txhabyeej ib txwm tau ua adering rau "'science thiab thev naus laus zis, ua tau zoo ntawm LS0900L: .2000 qhov kev pab cuam zoo ntawm LS0900L: .2000 qhov kev lees paub ruaj khov, yeej kev lees paub ntawm cov neeg siv feem ntau Cov.Raws li tus kws tshaj lij thiab muaj zog suav Hoobkas, peb tuaj yeem muab cov qauv rau cov neeg siv khoom uas xav yuav, yog tias koj xav tau cov xim muaj xim, thov hu rau peb.
TAYLOR Chen
TEL: +86 19108073742
WhatsApp / Skype: +86 18848329859
Email：Taylorchai@outlook.com
Alex Tang
TEL: +8615608235836 (Whatsaap)
Email : alex0923@88.com
Lub Sijhawm Post: Sep-09-2024
